Which insects transmit murine typhus to humans?

Fleas are the primary vectors for transmitting murine typhus to humans. The disease is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia typhi and is typically spread through fleas that are infected, particularly those that infest rats and other rodents. When the fleas bite humans, they can transmit the bacteria, leading to murine typhus.

Other insects mentioned do not play a significant role in the transmission of murine typhus. Sand flies are known carriers of leishmaniasis, bedbugs primarily feed on human blood but do not transmit murine typhus, and house flies are not involved in the transmission of this particular disease. By understanding the specific role of fleas in the transmission cycle of murine typhus, we can better grasp the importance of controlling flea populations to prevent the spread of this disease.